1. **Fecal-Oral Transmission**: The most common method of transmission is through direct contact with the feces of an infected dog. The virus is shed in high quantities in the feces, and other dogs can contract it by sniffing or ingesting contaminated fecal matter.
2. **Contaminated Environments**: Parvovirus is known for its resilience and can survive in the environment for months. It can be present on surfaces like dog parks, kennels, or even in your backyard. Shoes, clothing, and equipment can also carry the virus, leading to indirect transmission.
3. **Contact with Infected Dogs**: Dogs can become infected by coming into direct contact with an infected dog. This includes play, sniffing, or even sharing water and food bowls.
4. **Human Interaction**: Humans can unknowingly spread the virus by carrying it on their hands or clothing after handling an infected dog or cleaning up contaminated areas.
5. **Litter and Soil**: The virus can also be present in the soil and can infect dogs that dig or play in contaminated areas.
To prevent the spread of parvovirus, ensure that your dog is vaccinated according to the veterinarian's schedule, avoid contact with unknown dogs, especially in high-risk areas, and maintain cleanliness in your dog's environment. If you suspect your dog has been exposed to parvovirus, contact your veterinarian immediately for guidance and potential testing.
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