1. **Stay Calm**: Your dog can sense your stress. Try to remain calm to help soothe your pet.
2. **Assess the Situation**: Determine the severity of the injury or situation. Is your dog conscious? Are they bleeding? Are they in pain?
3. **Control Bleeding**: If your dog has a bleeding wound, apply a clean cloth or bandage to the area and apply gentle pressure. If the bleeding doesn’t stop, you may need to elevate the area and continue applying pressure.
4. **Check for Breathing and Pulse**: If your dog is unconscious, check if they are breathing. You can feel for a pulse on the inside of the thigh. If there is no breathing or pulse, you may need to perform CPR.
5. **Perform CPR**: For dogs under 30 pounds, place them on their side and give 5 quick breaths followed by 30 chest compressions. For larger dogs, use a similar technique but adjust the compressions to be deeper and slower.
6. **Treat for Shock**: If your dog is in shock (pale gums, rapid breathing), keep them warm and quiet. Avoid giving them food or water.
7. **Stabilize Fractures**: If you suspect a fracture, do not attempt to realign the bones. Instead, create a splint using a rolled-up newspaper or a stick, and secure it with a bandage.
8. **Transport to a Vet**: After administering first aid, take your dog to the veterinarian as soon as possible for further treatment.
9. **Know Basic Medications**: Familiarize yourself with basic medications that are safe for dogs, such as hydrogen peroxide for inducing vomiting (only when advised by a vet).
10. **Keep a First Aid Kit**: Have a dog-specific first aid kit ready at home and in your car. Include items like bandages, antiseptic wipes, tweezers, and a muzzle (to prevent biting when in pain).
Remember, while first aid can be helpful, it is crucial to seek professional veterinary help as soon as possible in any emergency situation.
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