1. **Tail Position**: A wagging tail typically indicates excitement or happiness, but the speed and position matter. A high, fast wag can mean a very happy dog, while a low wagging tail might suggest submission or uncertainty.
2. **Ears**: Ears can be very expressive. Ears that are perked up and facing forward often indicate curiosity or alertness, while ears that are pinned back can signal fear or submission.
3. **Eyes**: A relaxed dog may have soft, squinty eyes, while a dog that is stressed or anxious may have wide-open eyes or may avoid eye contact altogether. A direct stare can indicate a challenge or aggression.
4. **Body Posture**: A relaxed body posture, where the dog is standing or lying down comfortably, shows that the dog is at ease. Conversely, a stiff body or raised hackles can indicate fear or aggression.
5. **Mouth**: A relaxed mouth that is slightly open can indicate a calm dog, while a closed mouth with a tense jaw may suggest stress. A dog that is showing its teeth can be displaying aggression, but a dog that is playfully 'smiling' shows a relaxed demeanor.
6. **Play Bow**: If a dog lowers its front legs while keeping its rear end up, it’s a clear invitation to play. This is a friendly gesture that often precedes playful behavior.
By observing these cues, you can better understand your dog's emotional state and respond appropriately. Remember, context is key, and it's important to consider the entire situation when interpreting your dog's body language.
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