1. **Infection through Mosquito Bites**: The life cycle begins when a mosquito bites an infected dog and ingests microfilariae (the larval form of heartworm) present in the dog's bloodstream.
2. **Development in Mosquito**: Inside the mosquito, the microfilariae develop into infective larvae over a period of about 10 to 14 days, depending on environmental conditions such as temperature.
3. **Transmission to New Host**: When the infected mosquito bites another dog, it transfers the infective larvae into the dog's bloodstream.
4. **Migration and Maturation**: Once inside the new dog host, the larvae migrate through the tissues for approximately 6 months, eventually reaching the heart and pulmonary arteries. During this time, they grow and develop into adult heartworms.
5. **Adult Heartworms**: Adult heartworms can live for 5 to 7 years in dogs. They reproduce, releasing new microfilariae into the dog's bloodstream, thus continuing the cycle. This can lead to severe health issues, including heart failure and lung disease.
6. **Lifecycle Completion**: The cycle continues as mosquitoes feed on the infected dog's blood, ingesting the microfilariae and allowing them to develop into infective larvae again.
**Prevention and Treatment**: It's crucial for dog owners to use preventive medications that kill the larvae before they mature into adult heartworms. Regular vet check-ups and heartworm tests are also essential for early detection and management of this serious condition.
Understanding this life cycle helps in taking proactive steps to protect your furry friend from heartworm disease.
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